MIXING TENSES

By Walter Rodriguez Herrera

TO BE (PRESENT)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
SUBJECT	VERB	COMPLEMENT
I	AM	A TEACHER
YOU	ARE	IN LIMA
HE	IS	A STUDENT
SHE	IS	A NURSE
IT	IS	A CAT
WE	ARE	STUDENTS
YOU	ARE	AT THE AIRPORT
THEY	ARE	DOCTORS
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
VERB	SUBJECT	COMPLEMENT
AM	I	A TEACHER?
ARE	YOU	IN LIMA?
IS	HE	A STUDENT?
IS	SHE	A NURSE?
IS	IT	A CAT?
ARE	WE	STUDENTS?
ARE	YOU	AT THE AIRPORT?
ARE	THEY	DOCTORS?
NEGATIVE FORM:
SUBJECT	VERB	COMPLEMENT
I	'M NOT	A TEACHER
YOU	AREN'T	IN LIMA
HE	ISN'T	A STUDENT
SHE	ISN'T	A NURSE
IT	ISN'T	A CAT
WE	AREN'T	STUDENTS
YOU	AREN'T	AT THE AIRPORT
THEY	AREN'T	DOCTORS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
subject	to be auxiliary			gerund (v-ing)					complement
I	am			working					at the bank now
you	are			working					at the bank at this moment
he	is			working					at the bank right now
she	is			working					at the bank today
It	is			working					at the bank this week
we	are			working					at the bank this month
you	are			working					at the bank this year
they	are			working					at the bank
INTERROGATIVE FORM
to be auxiliary	subject			gerund (v-ing)					complement
am	I			working					at the bank now?
are	you			working					at the bank at this moment?
is	he			working					at the bank right now?
is	she			working					at the bank today?
is	It			working					at the bank this week?
are	we			working					at the bank this month?
are	you			working					at the bank this year?
are	they			working					at the bank?
NEGATIVE FORM
subject	to be auxiliary			gerund (v-ing)					complement
I	‘m not’			working					at the bank now
you	aren’t			working					at the bank at this moment
he	isn’t			working					at the bank right now
she	isn’t			working					at the bank today
It	isn’t			working					at the bank this week
we	aren’t			working					at the bank this month
you	aren’t			working					at the bank this year
they	aren’t			working					at the bank
1. When a monosyllable verb ends in one vowel + one consonant: sit ------------- sitting exceptions: - W and - Y run ------------ running draw ---------- drawing jog ------------ jogging play ----------- playing stop ---------- stopping
2. When a verb ends in one consonant + e; you drop the –e before -ing take ---------------- taking make ------------- making close --------------- closing arrive ------------- arriving
3. When a two or more syllable verb ends in one vowel + one consonant: and the stress is in the final syllable: forget --------- forgetting omit ---------- omitting but: listen ----------- listening understand ---------- understanding (1 vowel + 2 consonants.)
4. Only these three verbs: lie ---------- lying die --------- dying
PRESENT SIMPLE
Affirmative form:
Subject			Infinitive form			complement
I			work			at the bank everyday
You			work			at the bank in the morning
He			works			at the bank in the afternoon
She			works			at the bank at night
It			works			at the bank in summer
We			work			at the bank in winter
You			work			at the bank in autumn
They			work			at the bank in spring
Interrogative form:
Auxiliary		Subject			Infinitive verb			complement
Do		I			work			at the bank everyday?
Do		You			work			at the bank in the morning?
Does		He			work			at the bank in the afternoon?
Does		She			work			at the bank at night?
Does		It			work			at the bank in summer?
Do		We			work			at the bank in winter?
Do		You			work			at the bank in autumn?
Do		They			work			at the bank in spring?
Negative form:
Subject		Auxiliary			Infinitive verb			complement
I		don’t			work			at the bank everyday
You		don’t			work			at the bank in the morning
He		doesn’t			work			at the bank in the afternoon
She		doesn’t			work			at the bank at night
It		doesn’t			work			at the bank in summer
We		don’t			work			at the bank in winter
You		don’t			work			at the bank in autumn
They		don’t			work			at the bank in spring
Rules for the –s or –es in third person: he, she, it:
1. When the verb ends in – O: go --------- goes do --------- does							2. When the verb ends in consonant + Y: study -------- studies try ------------ tries cry ----------- cries
3. When the verb ends in: - S: cross --------- crosses - SH: wash -------- washes - CH: watch ------- watches - X: fix ------------ fixes							*The rest of verbs only have –s at the end of the infinitive verb.

FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
subject		will auxiliary			infinitive			complement
I		will			work			at the bank tomorrow
you		will			work			at the bank day after tomorrow
he		will			work			at the bank tonight
she		will			work			at the bank next week
It		will			work			at the bank 2 days from now
we		will			work			at the bank next weekend
you		will			work			at the bank next month
they		will			work			at the bank next year
INTERROGATIVE FORM
will auxiliary		subject			infinitive			complement
will		I			work			at the bank tomorrow?
will		you			work			at the bank day after tomorrow?
will		he			work			at the bank tonight?
will		she			work			at the bank next week?
will		It			work			at the bank 2 days from now?
will		we			work			at the bank next weekend?
will		you			work			at the bank next month?
will		they			work			at the bank next year?
NEGATIVE FORM
subject		will not auxiliary			infinitive			complement
I		won't			work			at the bank tomorrow
you		won't			work			at the bank day after tomorrow
he		won't			work			at the bank tonight
she		won't			work			at the bank next week
It		won't			work			at the bank 2 days from now
we		won't			work			at the bank next weekend
you		won't			work			at the bank next month
they		won't			work			at the bank next year
We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decided before
Contractions
I’ll It’ll You’ll we’ll I, you, we, they will not = won’t He’ll they’ll he, she, it will not = won’t She’ll
We often use will with these words and expressions: probably “ I probably will// I won’t probably// I’ll probably be a little late this evening”. (I’m) sure “You must meet Ann. I’m sure you’ll like her” (I) bet “I bet Carol will get the job” (I) think “Do you think we’ll win the match” (I) suppose “I suppose we’ll see John at the party” (I) guess “I guess I’ll see you next week”
FUTURE SIMPLE (TO BE GOING TO)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
subject	to be (aux.1)			going to (auxiliary2)			infinitive		complement
I	am			going to			work		at the bank tomorrow
you	are			going to			work		at the bank day after tomorrow
he	is			going to			work		at the bank tonight
she	is			going to			work		at the bank next week
It	is			going to			work		at the bank 2 days from now
we	are			going to			work		at the bank next weekend
you	are			going to			work		at the bank next month
they	are			going to			work		at the bank next year
INTERROGATIVE FORM
to be (aux.1)	subject		going to (aux.2)			infinitive			complement
am	I		going to			work			at the bank tomorrow?
are	you		going to			work			at the bank day after tomorrow?
is	he		going to			work			at the bank tonight?
is	she		going to			work			at the bank next week?
is	It		going to			work			at the bank 2 days from now?
are	we		going to			work			at the bank next weekend?
are	you		going to			work			at the bank next month?
are	they		going to			work			at the bank next year?
NEGATIVE FORM
subject	to be auxiliary			going to (auxiliary2)			infinitive		complement
I	‘m not’			going to			work		at the bank tomorrow
you	aren’t			going to			work		at the bank day after tomorrow
he	isn’t			going to			work		at the bank tonight
she	isn’t			going to			work		at the bank next week
It	isn’t			going to			work		at the bank 2 days from now
we	aren’t			going to			work		at the bank next weekend
you	aren’t			going to			work		at the bank next month
they	aren’t			going to			work		at the bank next year
We use to be going to when we have already decided to do something. When we make plans for the future

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